Oxidative stress in native and invasive crustaceans related with pollution and parasitism in a warming scenario

Aquatic organisms are exposed to multiple natural and anthropogenic stressors, including pollution, parasites, invasive species and climate change. These factors interact in a diversity of ways. However few studies consider realistic ecological contexts taking into account the synergy between these factors on aquatic biota. Increasing interest has been devoted to the interactions between parasitism and pollution in aquatic ecosystems [1], but there are major gaps in knowledge of how these stressors affect animal health [2]. For example, what are the physiological mechanisms underlying the response of aquatic organisms to pollution and concurrent parasite infection? Additional complexity is added by the effect of climate change which can interact with both pollutants and parasites [3,4]. Furthermore, these stressors are expected to affect differently the physiology of native and invasive species; invasive species are likely to have a wider range of environmental tolerance [5].